Potassium chloride ( KCl , or potassium salt ) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium . It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt -like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. KCl is used as a fertilizer, in medicine , in scientific applications, domestic water softeners (as a substitute for sodium chloride salt), and in food processing , where it may be known as E number additive E508 .
It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite , and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite .
Uses:
The majority of the potassium chloride produced is used for making fertilizer , called potash , since the growth of many plants is limited by potassium availability. Potassium chloride sold as fertilizer is known as muriate of potash. The vast majority of potash fertilizer worldwide is sold as muriate of potash.
Potassium is vital in the human body , and potassium chloride by mouth is the common means to treat low blood potassium , although it can also be given intravenously. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . Overdose causes hyperkalemia which can disrupt cell signaling to the extent that the heart will stop, reversibly in the case of some open heart surgeries .
It can be used as a
salt substitute
for
food
, but due to its weak, bitter, unsalty
flavor
, it is often mixed with ordinary table salt (sodium chloride) to improve the
taste
to form
low sodium salt
. The addition of 1 ppm of
thaumatin
considerably reduces this bitterness.
Complaints of bitterness or a chemical or metallic taste are also reported with potassium chloride used in food.
Industrial
As a chemical feedstock , it is used in medicine, lethal injections , scientific applications, food processing , soaps , and as a sodium-free substitute for table salt for people concerned about the health effects of sodium.
It is used as a supplement in animal feed to boost the potassium level in the feed. As an added benefit, it is known to increase milk production.
It is sometimes used in solution as a completion fluid in petroleum operations, as well as being an alternative to sodium chloride in household water softener units.
Glass manufacturers use granular potash as a flux , lowering the temperature at which a mixture melts. Because potash imparts excellent clarity to glass, it is commonly used in eyeglasses, glassware, televisions, and computer monitors.
KCl is useful as a beta radiation source for calibration of radiation monitoring equipment , because natural potassium contains 0.0118% of the isotope 40 K. One kilogram of KCl yields 16350 becquerels of radiation , consisting of 89.28% beta and 10.72% gamma , with 1.46083 MeV. In order to use off-the-shelf materials, it needs to be crystallized sequentially, using controlled temperature, in order to extract KCl, which is the subject of ongoing research. It also emits a relatively low level of 511 keV gamma rays from positron annihilation, which can be used to calibrate medical scanners.
Potassium chloride is used in some de-icing products designed to be safer for pets and plants, though these are inferior in melting quality to calcium chloride [lowest usable temperature 12 °F (−11 °C) v. −25 °F (−32 °C)]. It is also used in various brands of bottled water .
Potassium chloride was once used as a fire extinguishing agent , and in portable and wheeled fire extinguishers . Known as Super-K dry chemical, it was more effective than sodium bicarbonate -based dry chemicals and was compatible with protein foam . This agent fell out of favor with the introduction of potassium bicarbonate ( Purple-K ) dry chemical in the late 1960s, which was much less corrosive , as well as more effective. It is rated for B and C fires.
Along with sodium chloride and lithium chloride , potassium chloride is used as a flux for the gas welding of aluminium .
Potassium chloride is also an optical crystal with a wide transmission range from 210 nm to 20 µm. While cheap, KCl crystals are hygroscopic . This limits its application to protected environments or short-term uses such as prototyping. Exposed to free air, KCl optics will "rot".
Potassium chloride is used as a scotophor with designation P10 in dark-trace CRTs , e.g. in the Skiatron .
The name of the product | Potassium chloride |
CAS No. | 7447-40-7 |
Purity | 99% |
Formula | KCI |
The HS code | 3104209000 |
EINECS number | 231-211-8 |
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